Note: EAA
politely declined Microsoft’s offer of travel and lodging considerations for
this preview event.
There’s no way I can
write about the return of Flight Simulator without sharing just a little bit of
my own story for context, as there are deep intersections. Not only did I start
using version 1.0 of the product when I was about 12 years old (nearly 40 years
ago, if you must know), but I worked on it at Microsoft for more than 10 years
before it was canceled in 2009. The shutdown was a blow not just to those of us
who relied on the product to pay our mortgages, but to millions of pilots and
aviation enthusiasts around the world.
In the Meantime
The last major
release was Flight Simulator X (FSX) in 2006, followed by an expansion pack the
following year. After the shutdown, variations of the product lived on here and
there, including the enterprise edition, which Lockheed Martin now develops and
publishes as Prepar3D, and a version that was licensed by Dovetail Games in the
United Kingdom and sold on the Steam marketplace. Dovetail pursued further
development with a product called Flight Sim World, and Microsoft itself
briefly returned to the genre in 2012 with a limited product called Flight. But
it was the community of hardcore simmers and add-on developers who truly kept
the product alive for the past 10 years. Then, in May of 2019, Microsoft
surprised almost everybody with a bombshell announcement: Flight Simulator, the
oldest franchise in Microsoft’s history (Windows and Office weren’t even a
gleam in Bill’s eye back then), is coming back in a big way, first to the PC,
then to the Xbox console.
A Surprise Invitation
I was extremely lucky to be able to represent EAA at a special invitation-only preview event that Microsoft hosted recently at an FBO at the Renton Municipal Airport (KRNT), southeast of Seattle. Several members of the product team, including key players from Asobo Studio, the French development house that Microsoft is partnering with on the project, were on hand for presentations and one-on-one discussions, before we were turned loose on a pre-alpha (very early technical preview) build of the sim at our own customized cockpit workstations. Microsoft also subsidized introductory flight lessons in Rainier Flight Service’s fleet of Cessna 172s so that the diverse collection of about 50 bloggers, vloggers, and influencers, not to mention one slightly grizzled senior editor, who attended the event from around the world could compare simulation to reality.
How We Got Here
Longtime Microsoft
employee Jorg Neumann was working with developers from Asobo on a project for
Microsoft HoloLens, a wearable display that offers immersive “mixed reality”
experiences. The project was a virtual tour of Machu Picchu in Peru using
imagery from Bing to completely re-create the famous site. This gave Jorg an
idea: If they could create convincing real-world scenery of one area, could they
do that for the whole planet? If they could, then they’d have the basis for a
remarkable and long-awaited return of Flight Simulator.
That was about three
years ago. And, as it turned out, yes, they could model the entire planet, and
that scenery looks, in a word, stunning. Jorg discussed the idea with one of
Microsoft’s general managers, Shannon Loftis, a longtime pilot who told him to
go for it. Jorg’s team started to grow, it produced a demo using Seattle
scenery, and, with Shannon’s support, a pitch became a product team that has
since grown to nearly 200 people.
“Everybody was super
supportive,” Jorg said. “That’s just the way it is. I think there is a true
love in Microsoft for Flight Sim, and maybe it’s subconscious, but it is who we
are. It is in the fiber of the company’s being. It is older than Windows. I
think there is a pride that comes with it, and I think seeing it come back in a
meaningful way, I think makes lots of people proud.”
Asobo’s second step
was to review all of the existing code in FSX to determine what to adapt, what
to upgrade, what to emulate, and how to integrate a simulation system with its visualization
engine. And Asobo’s first step? To buy everyone in the company an introductory
flight lesson to make sure they had a firsthand taste for what they were going
to build. Now the company estimates that something like 60 percent of the team
is actively involved in flight training.
This was especially
important to Asobo CEO and Co-Founder — not to mention avid pilot — Sebastian Wloch.
“Having spent so
many hours flying in real life, I think it totally changed the picture,” he
said. “When you are in the gaming industry, you are tweaking the reality in
order to make something interesting. Here, we have to be as close as possible to
the reality to bring something interesting. … The first thing and the most
important thing I understood is flying in the real world is fun and
interesting. It’s actually a great experience, and this immediately triggered
the fact that if we just emulate reality in the best way possible, we don’t
have to add anything …. There’s no need to make it a game.”
A Whole New World
Like many of its predecessors, the new simulator models the entire planet, including something like 40,000 airports worldwide. I used to brag in presentations about FSX that we started with 2 terabytes of scenery data, and then compressed that to fit onto a couple of DVDs in a box. The world in the new version consists of 2 petabytes of data — yes, that’s one thousand times bigger. The scenery is built on Bing satellite and aerial imagery, augmented with cool buzzwordy stuff like photogrammetric 3D modeling and multiple other data sources, all of which is streamed via Microsoft’s Azure cloud service. Yes, the word streaming means you’ll need an internet connection, but you can download and pre-cache scenery areas for offline use, or even fly in a fully offline mode.
All of this data results in an environment that is often breathtakingly lifelike, and it means that the entire planet is effectively what we used to call a “high detail area,” only more realistic. For the tech-savvy, many of the scenery areas boast a resolution of 3 centimeters per pixel, while the default in FSX was about 1 meter per pixel. Throw in 1.5 trillion trees, individual blades of grass modeled in 3D, and a complete overhaul of lighting and shadows, and the result is an unprecedented level of detail for a flight simulator of any kind. True VFR flight, day or night, with real-world landmarks is now possible everywhere on the planet.
How’s the Weather?
Put simply, the weather just looks real. Clouds are fully volumetric, meaning they are truly modeled in three dimensions, and the way they form, move, dissipate, and interact with terrain is a huge leap forward in terms of realism. The sim supports as many as 60 cloud layers, including fronts, storms, precipitation, etc. Weather is modeled to a distance of 600 kilometers, meaning that systems will be visible even way out on the horizon, rather than fading or even popping in as you approach.
Thanks to the new lighting engine, clouds cast shadows, and everything from entire cities to gauges in the cockpit looks dramatically different under an overcast sky as opposed to a bright and sunny day. You’ll even see rainbows when conditions are just right.
In addition to clouds and precipitation, the system models temperature, pressure, humidity, dew point, and wind direction and speed, all of this in as many as 20 layers. Winds interact with the scenery with greatly improved fidelity, making things like up- and downdrafts, rotors, ridge lift, etc. much more dynamic and precise. The team even demonstrated a visualization tool that shows wind currents flowing up and over the side of a mountain, just to illustrate the complexity of the modeling.
Weather is automatically downloaded from real-world sources, creating accurate conditions that change over time. In addition, the build we were shown included a set of simple weather themes that could be chosen from a drop-down menu, changing the conditions in the sim instantaneously as the user clicked through the options.
More Than Just the World
The new Flight
Simulator is more than just a Bing-driven virtual tour of the world with some
cool-looking clouds. The underlying simulation itself now performs with
considerably higher fidelity. In older versions, aerodynamic effects were
generally modeled based on the aircraft’s single center point. It’s an
oversimplification, but the idea of ground effect makes for an easy example. In
FSX, if the center point of the airplane were at or below a given altitude,
then you felt ground effect. In the new version, the simulation engine looks at
every single surface — and there may be thousands — and models things appropriately.
In a crosswind landing, for instance, if you’re flying a wing-low approach,
that wing will encounter ground effect before the other one. That’s a
microcosmic way of saying that the simulation engine is now generally
sophisticated enough to model the interactions of every part of the airplane
and the air around it. This also means that stall/spin modeling is dramatically
better as well.
In addition, the new
engine brings higher-fidelity collision detection, which makes things like
bumpy runways, braking on slick surfaces, varying degrees of friction, etc.
much more nuanced. Under the hood, the development team has done significant
work with integration, using something called adaptive time steps. The upshot
is that the simulation now always updates at the same frequency as the visual
frame rate. This improves fidelity overall, and brings a more dynamic feel to
virtual flying.
What About All of My Third-Party Aircraft?
Microsoft is
incorporating a legacy mode that it expects will provide near-complete backward
compatibility, so those of us who have huge libraries of old favorites won’t be
starting entirely from scratch. In addition, Microsoft is committed to
providing a software development kit (SDK) with the product at launch that will
give developers the tools they need to build add-ons, though they caution that
it is something that will be polished and expanded through post-launch updates.
In other news for add-on aircraft builders, every parameter is now exposed in
plain text, with no more binaries. This means it’s going to be easier than ever
to create high-quality add-on aircraft, or to tinker with the ones you already
have. For those who like emulating glass cockpits, those displays are fully
programmable based on straightforward coding instead of a library of
animations, and support things like touch screens and synthetic vision.
While the team is
currently evaluating something like an in-sim store for supplemental content,
there will be no requirements to use it, and no restrictions of any kind on downloading
freeware or payware add-ons from other sources.
Firsthand Flying
Prior to the event,
I was told I’d get “some” hands-on time with the sim, and I assumed that meant
lining up at a shared computer for a few minutes of a restricted and supervised
demo. Instead, I was shown to my own workstation that actually had my name on
it, and turned loose for hours. It was equipped with a Logitech G Pro yoke and
throttle quadrant, a set of Thrustmaster TPR rudder pedals, and a David Clark
aviation headset, which was a nice touch. We weren’t allowed to capture images
or video of our hands-on sessions, but Microsoft provided several screenshots
and a lot of b-roll video that I’m sure we’ll see all over the web in a day or
so.
The new user interface is clean and well organized, though a few things were disabled for our preview. It’s got a translucent glass look, tidy and minimal, with a nicely animated globe for selecting starting airports, flight planning, etc. Once you select an area, load times seemed about the same as FSX, but once you’re in the sim, anything you change seems to happen instantly.
We had three
aircraft to choose from: a Cessna 172, a Daher TBM 930, and a Robin DR400.
We’ve seen other aircraft in videos from Microsoft, but there’s no confirmation
at this point what will be included. I flew all three, and one of the first
things I noticed was that it still feels like Flight Sim, somehow. It’s almost
impossible to quantify, much less articulate, but it didn’t feel like something
foreign that I’d have to learn and get used to all over again; instead, it felt
comfortable, and familiar. It’s a significant upgrade in every respect — with
13 years since the last major release, it had better be — but it was still
Flight Sim to me, in the best possible sense.
Flight dynamics were convincing, and the numbers were spot on in the 172, and matched book specs in the TBM and the DR400. Stalls feel a lot more accurate now, with more variation in the buffeting and the break. The default 172 drops a wing a lot more aggressively than the real thing, but that was okay because it showed off how the new engine handles spins, which was remarkably realistic. I’m sure that behavior will be tuned well before launch, along with my minor grumble about not having enough rudder effectiveness to hold the airplane in a slip beyond more than just a few degrees of bank. (My old friend Khoi, who used to work with me as a high-school intern, is now on the test team and promised that he’d chase down those bugs. The torch is passed!)
The performance was
buttery-smooth throughout my testing. I didn’t find a frame-rate counter, but
it was easily 30 fps (frames per second) or greater. In about five hours of
flying, I saw a handful of stutters in the scenery, and made it crash to the
desktop twice. I spotted one or two instances of odd scenery textures, one
airport on a plateau thanks to some bad elevation data, a slight lag in how
building reflections are drawn on lakes, and noted that some of the water
textures were slightly repetitive. Once a software tester, always a software
tester, of course, but hiccups like these are absolutely negligible when you’re
talking about a pre-alpha build. The computers were described as upper-, but
not top-, end machines with GeForce RTX video cards, and the internet
connection feeding the scenery tested out at about 25 megabits.
Speaking of scenery, we were all stunned by the early videos and screenshots Microsoft released back in May, and I can say now that they didn’t come close to doing it justice. It is absolutely breathtaking. I chose sample airports all over the world (after flying over my house first — duh — and then heading to Chicago, declaring an emergency, and landing in the park that will always be Meigs Field to me ) and ran out of adjectives to describe just how good, how real it looks. Terrain, buildings, water, 3D grass, undulating runways — all of it looks simply amazing. There’s no LOD (level of detail) popping to distract you, just a big, beautiful, and almost impossibly real world to explore. The beauty, depth, and realism of the scenery, coupled with the lighting, shadows, and weather, create a virtual flight experience that is nothing short of sublime. I’ve never experienced a more convincing and immersive simulation, period.
What I Didn’t See
Of course, this is supposed
to be a preview, not a hagiography. Even though the build I got to try out was
dramatically more stable and complete than what I would have expected, there
were still things missing. For example, there wasn’t an advanced weather
interface — I could choose themes, but couldn’t get in and set specific cloud
layers at various heights to set up for an instrument approach, for example.
Also missing from the build was ATC and AI traffic, and the team didn’t address
those to any great degree in their presentations. They did say there will be
some basic multiplayer functionality at launch that they plan to develop, but
didn’t elaborate beyond that. There was also no public discussion of pricing,
and no firm launch date other than 2020.
Going Forward
There’s no way that
attending an event like this wouldn’t be a bit surreal for me. After all, I
used to host things like this — though they were never that fancy, which says
good things about the new team’s marketing budget — and I was usually the one
in front of the audience, giving the presentation. That said, I came away with
nothing but enthusiasm and optimism.
As a former Microsoft
employee, I’m proud to see the product make what promises to be a triumphant
return, and my colleagues from that era should be, too.
As an EAA employee,
I’m thrilled to see a product that has done so much to help millions of people
indulge and explore their passion for aviation become available again. All of
us are excited to continue talking to the team at Microsoft about ways we can
work together to further EAA’s mission of growing participation in aviation.
As a customer, I
just want them to hurry up and finish it so I can buy it.